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Trauma and the nervous system

EMDR, Somatic Experiencing, or the Safe and Sound Protocol? How Three Trauma Approaches Fit

If you are weighing EMDR for trauma, you have probably seen Somatic Experiencing and the Safe and Sound Protocol in the same searches. Here is how the three actually fit, from someone trained in two of them.

HYPERAROUSAL fight, flight, panic, flooding WINDOW OF TOLERANCE present, steady, able to do the work HYPOAROUSAL numb, shutdown, collapse

Short answer. Three tools, three doors into the same house. EMDR reprocesses the stuck memory. Somatic Experiencing works with what the body still holds. The Safe and Sound Protocol settles the nervous system underneath both, call it step zero. They are complementary, not rivals, and SSP and Somatic Experiencing in particular are natural partners with a long track record together. I am a certified Somatic Experiencing Practitioner and SSP provider, and I refer out for EMDR. For many people, settling the nervous system with SSP and gentle body work with Somatic Experiencing is most of the way, and going back into the memories is not always needed.

  • EMDR works on the memory. Somatic Experiencing works on the body. SSP works on the nervous system underneath, step zero.
  • SSP and Somatic Experiencing pair especially well, and that pairing is the heart of my practice.
  • SSP is passive and low-demand: you listen, and your system does the shifting.
  • I provide SSP and Somatic Experiencing. For EMDR I refer to a qualified EMDR therapist.

What EMDR is

EMDR, which stands for Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing, was developed by Francine Shapiro. In a session, a trained EMDR therapist guides you to hold a piece of a distressing memory while your attention follows a back and forth movement, usually the eyes, sometimes taps or tones. Over a course of sessions the memory loses its grip. It stops hijacking the present as though it were still happening.

It is well evidenced and widely used, recommended for post traumatic stress by bodies like the World Health Organisation, and delivered by a qualified EMDR therapist.

It is also, by design, active and demanding. You turn toward the memory on purpose. For a steady enough nervous system that is exactly right. For one that is highly dysregulated, dissociative, or shaped by early and ongoing trauma, going straight at the memory can be more than the system can hold, which is why EMDR itself opens with a preparation phase and is often not the right first step.

What Somatic Experiencing is

Somatic Experiencing, developed by Peter Levine, is the body’s version of this work, and it is my own training. I am a certified Somatic Experiencing Practitioner.

Where EMDR goes to the memory, Somatic Experiencing goes to the body. Trauma, in this view, is not only a story in the mind. It is unfinished survival energy still held in the body, the fight or flight that never got to complete. SE works slowly with the felt sense, the raw sensation underneath the story, in small and tolerable doses. It lets the body finish what it could not finish then, and release what it has been holding, without dragging you back through the worst of it in detail. You do not relive it. You renegotiate it, at the pace the body can bear.

What the Safe and Sound Protocol is

The Safe and Sound Protocol, developed by Dr. Stephen Porges and delivered under license from Unyte Health, is a different kind of tool again. It is filtered music you listen to across a series of sessions. It does not touch your memories and it does not ask you to process anything. It works one level down, on the autonomic nervous system, sending it the cues of safety it uses to come out of defence.

SSP and Somatic Experiencing come from the same lineage, the study of how the body holds and lets go of threat, which is exactly why they fit together so well. SSP widens what clinicians call your window of tolerance, the band of arousal inside which you can stay present without flooding into panic or dropping into shutdown, and Somatic Experiencing does its work inside that window. Pairing the two is the heart of my practice, and there is a long track record of using them together.

Why this is not really a versus

So the honest answer is that this is rarely a real contest between rivals. The three work on different layers. EMDR works on the memory. Somatic Experiencing works on the body that holds the memory. SSP works on the nervous system underneath both. One reprocesses the story, one releases what the body is still carrying, and one settles the system that has to stay steady while either of those happens.

Why step zero comes first

EMDR itself is built in phases, and the reprocessing does not begin on day one. There is a preparation phase first, where the work is to build enough safety and steadiness that the processing to come is bearable. The same is true of body-based work. You cannot renegotiate what the body holds if the body has no felt sense of safety to return to. For someone with complex or early trauma, that steadiness is the hardest part, because the body has never known it.

This is where the Safe and Sound Protocol earns its place. It scaffolds that safety at the level of the nervous system, without asking you to actively do anything, which widens the window of tolerance so that the deeper work, through the body or through the memory, floods you less and lands more. There are many documented cases of SSP used exactly this way, to make Somatic Experiencing and EMDR possible for people who could not tolerate them before. Unyte, who license the protocol, publish Combined Delivery Guidelines for using it with EMDR. The point is not that one replaces the others. It is that step zero, the nervous system itself, usually has to be steadier before the processing can do its job.

Three doors, one order

EMDR · reprocesses the memory Somatic Experiencing · releases what the body holds

Both are real trauma processing, and both need a nervous system steady enough to hold the work. That steadiness comes first:

Step zero A nervous system regulated enough to stay in its window of tolerance
SSP works here, first. It widens the window of tolerance so the deeper work, through the body or through the memory, floods you less and lands more. SSP paired with Somatic Experiencing is the heart of my practice.

You do not process your way to a calm nervous system. You settle the nervous system enough that the processing, in the body or in the memory, becomes possible.

For clinicians and referrers

If you are a therapist, a GP, or a psychiatrist, this part is for you. When a client keeps flooding, dissociates the moment you approach the memory, or cannot get through the preparation phase, the block is often the nervous system itself. Their window is too narrow to hold the work yet, and that can be steadied before you ever touch the memory.

For clinicians

Refer a client, or work alongside your EMDR

I am a certified Somatic Experiencing Practitioner and a certified SSP provider. SSP settles a client’s nervous system so your reprocessing has somewhere to land, and Somatic Experiencing reaches what talking cannot. I do not provide EMDR and will not take your client out of your care.

Refer a client or collaborate

If you are looking for help yourself

And if you are the one carrying the trauma, here is the reassuring part. The kindest place to start is not the memory at all. It is settling the system itself with SSP, and meeting the body gently with Somatic Experiencing. For a great many people that is not only the first step, it is most of the way. When the nervous system steadies and the body lets go of what it was holding, a surprising amount eases without ever going back into the story in detail.

Some people, later, do choose focused memory work like EMDR, with a qualified therapist I can point them to. But you do not have to begin there, and you may find you do not need to at all. Start gently, and let your own system show you what it still needs.

A steadier nervous system and a body that can let go are, for many people, most of the healing. That is where SSP and Somatic Experiencing begin, and where my work with you would too.

EMDR, Somatic Experiencing and SSP, side by side
EMDRSomatic ExperiencingSafe and Sound Protocol
Goes toThe stuck memoryThe body that holds itThe nervous system underneath
How it worksReprocessing with bilateral movementSlow work with the felt sense, releasing held survival energyFiltered music that cues safety
Demand on youActive, you turn toward the memoryGentle, at the body’s pacePassive, you only listen
You do the work byHolding and reprocessing the memoryTracking sensation, at the body’s paceListening, while your system shifts
Do you retell the storyOften, in piecesNo, you work through the bodyNo, there is nothing to tell
Provided here byA qualified EMDR therapist (I refer)Me, a certified SE practitionerMe, a certified SSP provider

Start with step zero

The Safe and Sound Protocol is a low-demand way to steady your nervous system, on its own or as the groundwork for deeper work through the body or the memory. A few honest questions will tell you if it fits.

See if SSP is right for you

Common questions

What is the difference between EMDR and Somatic Experiencing?

EMDR works on the memory, using bilateral eye movements or taps to reprocess it. Somatic Experiencing works on the body and the survival energy it still holds, without needing you to retell the story in detail. Both process trauma, through different doors. Body-based work often suits people for whom picturing or talking about the memory is too much.

Is SSP a replacement for EMDR or Somatic Experiencing?

No. SSP regulates the nervous system, while EMDR and SE process the trauma, one through the memory and one through the body. SSP is what makes both more tolerable, and many people use it alongside one of them rather than instead.

Are you an EMDR therapist?

No. I am a certified Somatic Experiencing Practitioner and a certified SSP provider. For EMDR reprocessing I refer to a qualified EMDR therapist, and SSP or Somatic Experiencing can run before or alongside that work.

I am a clinician. Can I refer clients to you?

Yes, and it is welcome. SSP can prepare a client’s nervous system so your reprocessing lands, especially when they keep flooding or stalling in the preparation phase, and Somatic Experiencing can meet them where talking cannot. Reach out and we will sort out the details.

Which should I start with?

If your nervous system is highly dysregulated, the groundwork usually comes first, call it step zero, and SSP is a low-demand place to begin because it asks nothing of you but to listen. From there, body-based work with Somatic Experiencing or memory-based work with EMDR can follow, in the order that fits you.